meritocracy providentialism the arch of the moral universe bends towards justice right/wrong side of history debate grace lutheranism: deserving gods grace (to be saved) leads to pride. Grace is predetermined, working in the chosen vocation is for the glory of god, not to improve ones fate calvinism: opposite meritocracy in unequal society is not generous and may not be cohesive as it makes the winners less generous and the losers resentful producing rampant nationalism or right populism and demagoguery: brexit, teaparty prosperity gospel: health and wealth (in this life) are by the grace if god solidarity college degree required for success: credentialism with rising inequality and stalled social mobility the slogan of "everybody could make it if the try: work hard and play by the rules" rings hollow trump supporters: agreed to meritocracy, considered their status threatened meritocratic hubris/resentment prudential reasons talents/hard work ability are a matter of good luck particular ability must be prized by society to be deserved jown lawls hayek: concepts of justice, challenged idea that it is just that people get economic rewards for their behavior attributing moral deserts to market outcomes luck-egalitarian talent: a genetic lottery? Dworkin's birth insurance against dumbness, liberal egalitarians deaths of despair: suicide, alcohol/drug OD, alcoholic liver disease distributive(satisfies consumers) vs. contributive justice(satisfies producers)