schopehauer: a man can do as he will, but not will as he will channel rodipsin hard determinism: time as having direction is an illusion. Past and present is a given eukaryotes, procariotyes, archeans procaryotes: bacteria, no nucleus, existed for 1bln years before eukaryotes appeared staying together to promote replication of identical organisms: path to multicellularity perception gradient degree of agency c. elegans bilateria internal representation of the world long range senses: hearing and vision allowed for planning and required memory tectum body self-awareness is necessary for orienting in the world synaptic plasticity is core for making memories, modulated by awareness, focus, arousal ... striatum neurons respond not to individual firing of neighbors but to the frequency coarsening info character vs. personality traits metacognition representation of self as a part of the internal map of the world cognitive depth: number of levels of abstraction between receptors and actuators top-down causation cognitive control causes in time by biasing immediate lower level actions general AI needs an actuator, not just passive processing of information, to test hypothesis, reasons for development a.i. meaning