"Even a bad writer," he told her in another lost language, that of
informed paternal admonition, "may be a useful historian."

cumbrous

calvinists vs. lutherans

capuchins vs  jesuits

Ambroglio Spinola

Frederic V, elector palantine of the holy roman empire + Elizabeth Stuart, protestant german king "guarding" the sassage of the rhine to the dutch provinces from the spanish

Ferdinand II of Styria, King of Bohemia: passage for spanish troops question

John George I elector of Saxony + Sybilla the electress
      dogged honesty

Bavaria (Maximillian Duke of) nobody could have a carriage before 55yo: riding horses and skills: lack of comiment

---

Bohemia: czech: ultraquist, calvinist, lutheran under habsburg catholic rule
other parts: lusatia, moravia, silesia, transylvania (then border state with ottoman empire)

Joachim Schlick,
Martinitz, Slawata: Ferdinand II reptesentatives, defenestrated

letter of majesty: religious tolerance

Count Thurn: Bohemian general
Mansfeld: general

armies: 50/50 musketeeres, pikemen, 1/3 cavalry armed with lances and pistols, need to be trained
professed loyalty to the flag
recruitment in switzerland and north italy

lugubrious

Count Johann Tilly, field marshal, commander of catholic league

Battle of White Mountain, Nov 8, 1620

Passes of Vallteline (Lombardy)

gulden vs. thaller

Wallenstein, czech by birth

Pope Urgan VIII, Cardinal Richelieu, Louis XIII, french support of protestant dutch, english and swedish in the war against the Habsburg Empire

Christian XIV of Denmark
Gustavus Adolphus
Oxenstierna

Siege of Breda
battle of dessau

Baltic plan

edict of restitution

Sack of Magdeburg (Tilly and Pappenheim)

Battle of Breitenfeld
Battle of Lutzen
Battle of Nordlingen

Bernard if Saxe-Weimar, promise of Alsace
Richelieu had to raise taxes on pesants to pay Bernard, riots

Cardinal Masarin
Death of Luis XIII
Tostensson
Battle of Rocroi

nuncio

subjecta beligarantia

Wrangel, Picollomini

problems of demobilization

after war: relative shortage of peasantry
prices fell: standard of living rose during the war

von Werth, Maradas

independence of switzerland